Archaeologists in northern China have unearthed a centuries-old tomb decorated with stunning murals portraying daily life during the Tang dynasty, which ruled much of central and eastern China from A.D. 618 to 907.
The tomb includes never-before-seen depictions of daily life, including men threshing grain and making noodles.
One of the murals also depicts what appears to be a “Westerner” with blond hair and a beard who probably hailed from Central Asia, Victor Xiong, a professor of history at Western Michigan University who wasn’t involved in the discovery, told Live Science in an email.
The tomb was discovered in 2018 during roadwork on a hillside on the outskirts of Taiyuan, the capital of China’s northern Shanxi province, but archaeologists only reported on the completed excavations last month.
According to an article from China’s government-owned news agency Xinhua, an epitaph in the tomb states it was the burial place of a 63-year-old man who died in 736, as well as his wife.
The tomb consists of a single brick chamber, a door and a corridor. Scenes from life during the Tang dynasty adorn the walls of the tomb, the door, the corridor, and the platform on which the coffin was placed. The domed ceiling of the chamber is painted with what may be a dragon and phoenix.
Tomb guardians
Several figures painted near the door represent the “doorkeepers” or guardians of the tomb; they are wearing yellow robes and some have swords at their waists, according to Xinhua. Other murals portray natural landscapes, as well as men threshing grain, women grinding flour, men making noodles and women fetching water from a well.
They are rendered in the traditional “figure under a tree” style that was popular in the Shanxi region at the time, the South China Morning Post (SCMP) reported. As its name suggests, the style features people carrying out activities underneath beautifully depicted trees.
Many of the figures in the murals look like the same Chinese man and woman, and archaeologists think they may have been the two people buried in the tomb. The woman, in one scene, is dressed in a colorful gown and is leading four horses, alongside a bearded man holding a whip.
Other murals show mountains, trees and camels, and the series of paintings around the coffin may represent the Chinese tomb owner at different stages of his life, Xinhua reported.
Traditional style
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The murals in the tomb appear to be well preserved. “The most familiar theme depicted in these murals is that of human figures under trees — a tradition that harks back to the Han dynasty [206 B.C. to A.D. 220],” Xiong said. Similar murals had been found in China’s Xinjiang, Shandong, Shaanxi and Gansu regions.
He noted that the blond “non-Han” man leading camels has distinctive clothing. “Based on his facial features and outfit style, we can identify him as a ‘Westerner,’ likely a Sogdian from Central Asia,” Xiong said. (The Sogdians were a trading people along the Silk Road routes between Asia and Europe at the time, living mainly in what are now Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.)
He added that many of the murals gave “never-before-seen” representations of daily chores and labor during the Tang dynasty.
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