A down payment is the portion of your mortgage you need to pay upfront. Saving up that much money can be a real obstacle on the road to homeownership.
But there’s good news: There are many low- and no-down-payment options available, from specialized loans from private lenders to government-backed mortgages, like USDA and VA loans.
CNBC Select analyzed lenders that offered mortgages with down payments of 3.5% or less and selected the top seven, based on down payment requirements, rates, types of loans, customer service and other factors. (See our methodology below.)
Best mortgage lenders for low and no down payments
Best for no down payment
Guild Mortgage
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Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
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Types of loans
Conventional, FHA, VA, USDA, Arrive Home, Zero Down, jumbo, construction, refinancing, reverse mortgages
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Terms
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Credit needed
540 for FHA, VA and USDA loans; 600 for Zero Down; 620 for conventional loans, 680 for jumbo loans. Non-traditional credit option available
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Minimum down payment
0% for USDA, Arrive Home⢠or Zero Down; 1% for conventional loans, 3.5% for FHA loans
Pros
- Down payments as low as 0%
- FHA loan approval with 540 credit score
- Over 200 physical branches in 32 states
- E-closings available
Cons
- Rates not available online
- No HELOC or home equity loans
- Does not issue mortgages in New York
- Low customer satisfaction score from JD Power
Who’s this for? Don’t have a lot saved up? Guild‘s Zero Down mortgage combines a 3.5% FHA loan with a forgivable second mortgage that brings your down payment to 0%. Borrowers can be approved with credit scores as low as 600.
Standout benefits: In addition to the Zero Down mortgage, Guild has the Arrive Home⢠loan, another zero-down mortgage for borrowers who earn up to 160% of the area median income.
Best for affordability
New American Funding
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Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
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Types of loans
Conventional, jumbo, FHA, VA, USDA, refinancing, home equity loans, HELOC
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Terms
15-year and 30-year terms for fixed-rate mortgages; adjustable-rate mortgages have 5-year, 7-year or 10-year introductory periods
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Credit needed
620 for conventional, 580 for FHA
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Minimum down payment
3% for conventional, 3.5% for FHA, 0% for VA or USDA
Pros
- Sample rates available online
- Down payment as low as 3% for conventional mortgage
- 14-business-day closing guarantee
- Offers reverse mortgages
Cons
- Mortgages not offered in New York or Hawaii
- Application requires call back from agent
- Fees not disclosed before applying
Who’s this for? Check out New American Funding if you want to hold onto more of your money. At the time of writing, its rates were below average for both 15 and 30-year fixed-rate mortgages.
Standout benefits: You can be approved for a conventional mortgage with as little as 3% down and no mortgage insurance. NAF also guarantees closing within 14 business days, shorter than any lender on this list.
Best for no lender fees
Ally Home
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Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
Apply online for personalized rates; fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages included
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Types of loans
Conventional, jumbo, HomeReady
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Terms
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Credit needed
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Minimum down payment
5% for conventional loan, 3% for HomeReady loan
Pros
- No lender fees
- Preapproval in as little as three minutes
- Available in all 50 states
- HomeReady loan only requires a 3% down payment
Cons
- No FHA, USDA or VA loans
- No home equity lines of credit (HELOC)
- No physical branches
Who’s this for? Ally Bank doesn’t charge lender fees, which can be as much as 2% of your loan total. On a $300,000 mortgage, that would save you $6,000.
Standout benefits: Ally is one of the few major lenders offering the Freddie Mac-backed HomeOne® mortgage, which only requires 3% down and has no income requirements. If you’re buying in Philadelphia, Detroit or Charlotte, North Carolina, you may qualify for a $5,000 closing cost grant.
Best for low-income borrowers
Chase Bank
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Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
Apply online for personalized rates; fixed-rate and adjustable-rate mortgages included
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Types of loans
Conventional loans, FHA loans, VA loans, jumbo loans and proprietary low-down-payment DreaMakerâ and Standard Agency mortgages.
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Terms
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Credit needed
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Minimum down payment
3% for DreaMakerâ or Standard Agency loan
Pros
- Chase DreaMakerâ loan only requires 3% down payment
- Existing customers eligible for rate reduction
- Above-average customer satisfaction scores
- Closing timeline guarantee
- Homebuyer grants of up to $7,500
Cons
- No USDA loans or HELOCs
- No closing guarantee for refinancing
- Chase homebuyer grant only available in select areas.
Who’s this for? If you don’t take home a huge paycheck, Chase Bank’s DreaMaker loan could be the low-down-payment mortgage for you. Borrowers who make up to 80% of the area median income can put as little as 3% down. Income requirements have been lifted in 15 metro areas â including New York City, Los Angeles, Atlanta and Chicago â and applicants in those cities can also qualify for a $7,500 grant to put towards a down payment, rate buydown or closing costs.
Standout benefits: Chase also has the Standard Agency loan, a 3%-down mortgage for first-time homebuyers with a 680 credit score.
Best for VA loans
Who’s this for? Navy Federal Credit Union has three no-down-payment options for military families: In addition to traditional VA loans, it offers Military Choice and Homebuyers Choice mortgages, both of which allow sellers to contribute up to 6% of the home’s value toward closing costs.
Standout benefits: If you find a better rate with a competitor, Navy Federal will match it or give you $1,000 after you close. Homebuyers who buy a house through Navy Federal’s RealtyPlus program can receive up to $9,000 in cash back.
Best for USDA loans
PNC Bank
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Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
Apply online for personalized rates
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Types of loans
Conventional loans, FHA loans, VA loans, USDA loans, jumbo loans, HomeReady and Home Possible loans, HELOCs, Community Loan and medical professional loan, refinancing, HELOC
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Terms
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Credit needed
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Minimum down payment
0% for USDA or VA, 3% for conventional
Pros
- Offers a wide variety of loans to suit an array of customer needs
- Mortgages are available in all 50 states
- Offers a grant of up to $5,000 or up to $7,500 to put towards an eligible purchase or refinance
- Both online and in-person services are available
Cons
- Doesn’t offer home renovation loans
- Scored below the industry average in mortgage origination and mortgage servicing customer satisfaction study
Who’s this for? PNC is one of the few big banks that offers USDA loans, zero-down mortgages backed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for properties in select rural and suburban regions. Not only do you get a lower interest rate, but you can skip mortgage insurance and don’t have to show substantial cash reserves.
Standout benefits: PNC’s speedy preapproval process can get you an approval answer within 30 minutes. Borrowers in eligible locations may qualify for a grant of up to $7,500 toward closing costs, down payment or other costs.
Best online lender
Rocket Mortgage
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Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
Apply online for personalized rates
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Types of loans
Conventional, FHA, VA, jumbo, HomeReady, Home Possible
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Terms
15- and 30-year fixed-term conventional loans, 30-year VA and FHA loans, custom mortgages with fixed-rate terms from 8 to 29 years.
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Credit needed
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Minimum down payment
0% for VA, 1% for RocketONE+, 3% for conventional, 3.5% for FHA, 10% to 15% for jumbo
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Already have a mortgage through Rocket Mortgage or looking to start one? Check out the Rocket Visa Signature Card to learn how you can earn rewards
Pros
- Largest home lender in the U.S.
- Offers 1% down mortgage
- High scores for customer satisfaction
- Shorter-than-average closing time
- Rebate of up to $10,000 for buying with Rocket Homes
Cons
- No USDA mortgages, construction loans or HELOCs
- Hard credit check required for customized rate
- Higher origination fees than competition
- No retail branches
Who’s this for? If you want the ease of homebuying from home, Rocket Mortgage isn’t just an online lender: It’s the largest mortgage provider in the U.S. and continually tops JD Powers’ mortgage satisfaction surveys.
Standout benefits: Borrowers who meet income requirements can put as little as 1% down on a Rocket ONE+ loan without paying private mortgage insurance. Rocket also offers government-backed HomeReady and Home Possible loans, which only require a 3% down payment.
More on our top lenders for low down payments
Guild Mortgage
Guild Mortgage offers conventional and government-backed mortgages in all states except New York. The Homebuyer Express guarantee ensures closing in 17 days or borrowers receive $500 in closing costs (not available in Oregon). While Guild received an A+ from the Better Business Bureau and scored highly on JD Powers’ 2023 mortgage originator survey, it was ranked near the bottom for mortgage servicing.
Minimum credit score
600 for Zero Down, 620 for Arrive Home
Minimum down payment
0% for an Arrive Home or Zero Down, 0% for VA or USDA loan, 1% for conventional loans
Types of mortgages offered
Conventional, FHA, VA, USDA, jumbo
New American Funding
New American Funding is licensed to lend everywhere except Hawaii and New York and, unlike many lenders, displays sample rates online. While it ranked below average in JD Power’s mortgage origination survey, NAF lands near the top for mortgage servicers and received an A from the Better Business Bureau.
Minimum credit score
620
Minimum down payment
3% for conventional, 3.5% for FHA loans, 0% for VA or USDA
Types of mortgages offered
Conventional, jumbo, FHA, VA, USDA
Ally Bank
Ally Bank can preapprove you in as little as three minutes and lock in your rate within 24 hours. The average closing timeline with Ally is 35 days, a week less than the national average.
Minimum credit score
620
Minimum down payment
3% with HomeReady loan
Types of mortgages offered
Conventional, jumbo, HomeReady, HomeOne®
Chase Bank
Chase Bank has branches in 48 states and mortgage advisors in 38. It guarantees on-time closing in as little as 21 days or eligible homebuyers may get a $5,000 rebate.
Minimum credit score
620 for conventional loans, 580 for FHA
Minimum down payment
3% for DreaMaker or Standard Agency loan, 0% for VA
Types of mortgages offered
Conventional, FHA, VA, jumbo, DreaMaker, Standard Agency loans
[ Return to summary ]
Navy Federal Credit Union
Navy Federal Credit Union is the largest credit union in the U.S., but membership is limited to active service members, veterans, Reservists, Defense Department staff and their families. The 1.00% origination fee can be waived if you opt for a 0.25% rate increase instead and borrowers can apply with non-traditional credit sources, like rent and utility bills.
Minimum credit score
Not disclosed
Minimum down payment
0% for VA, Military Choice or Homebuyers Choice loans; 3% for conventional loans
Types of mortgages offered
Conventional, VA, jumbo, Military Choice, Homebuyers Choice
PNC Bank
PNC Bank has more than 2,300 retail locations in 28 states, although it services mortgages nationwide. It has an A+ rating from the Better Business Bureau and scored above average in JD Power’s 2023 U.S. Mortgage Servicer Satisfaction Survey.
Minimum credit score
620 for conventional, 580 for FHA
Minimum down payment
0% for USDA or VA, 3.5% for FHA
Types of mortgages offered
Conventional, FHA, VA, USDA, jumbo and doctor loans and low-down-payment PNC Community Loan
Rocket Mortgage
Rocket Mortgage offers verified approval in as little as two hours, with an average closing time of 22 days, nearly half the industry average. Using the Rocket Visa Signature Card can earn you points toward mortgage payments or a down payment on a future Rocket Mortgage home loan.
Minimum credit score
620 for conventional loans, 580 for FHA loans
Minimum down payment
1% for Rocket ONE+, 3% for HomeReady or Home Possible, 3.5% for FHA, 0% for VA
Types of mortgages offered
Conventional, FHA, VA, jumbo, HomeReady, Home Possible, Rocket ONE+
Pros and cons of a low down payment
The benefits and drawbacks of a smaller down payment
Pros
- You’ll be able to buy faster and afford a more expensive house
- More money for moving, repairs and other costs
- Unused funds can be invested and earn a higher return Â
Cons
- Your mortgage rate could be higher
- Your monthly payments will be larger. Â
- You’ll start with less home equity
- You will probably have to pay mortgage insuranceÂ
Common types of low-down-payment mortgages
There are several home loans guaranteed by the federal government.
Minimum down payment | Eligibility | Minimum credit score | |
---|---|---|---|
VA loan | 0% | Active-duty U.S.service members veterans, Reserves National Guard and eligible surviving spouses | 620 |
FHA loan | 3.5% | Debt-to-income ratio of 43% percent or less (up to 50 percent in some cases) | 580 with 3.5% down or 500 with 10% down |
USDA loan | 0% | No more than 115% area median income, property in qualifying area | Typically 640 |
HomeReady mortgage | 3% | No more than 80% of the area median income | 620 |
Home Possible® mortgage | 3% | No more than 80% of the area median income | 660 |
HomeOne® mortgage | 3% | First-time homebuyers (no income requirement) | 660 |
FAQs
What is considered a low down payment?
For a conventional mortgage, lenders typically approve qualified borrowers with a down payment of 5% or more. Anything less than that is considered a low down payment.
What are some common types of low-down-payment mortgages?
FHA loans, VA loans and USDA loans are all popular types of low-down-payment mortgages insured by government agencies, each with its own eligibility requirements. In addition, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac back HomeReady, Home Possible and HomeOne mortgages. Many banks have proprietary mortgages with low down payments: With Rocket Mortgage‘s Rocket ONE+ loan, for example, you can put as little as 1% down without private mortgage insurance.
Do I have to put down 20% to buy a home?
The median down payment for first-time homebuyers between July 2022 and June 2023 was 8%, according to the National Association of Realtors. Putting less than 20% down, however, will likely mean you’ll have to pay private mortgage insurance.
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Why trust CNBC Select?
Our methodology
To determine which mortgage lenders are the best, CNBC Select analyzed dozens of U.S. mortgages offered by both online and brick-and-mortar banks, including large credit unions, that come with fixed-rate APRs and flexible loan amounts and terms to suit an array of financing needs.
When narrowing down and ranking the best mortgages, we focused on the following features:
- Fixed-rate APR:Â Variable rates can go up and down over the lifetime of your loan. With a fixed rate APR, you lock in an interest rate for the duration of the loan’s term, which means your monthly payment won’t vary, making your budget easier to plan.
- Types of loans offered:Â The most common kinds of mortgage loans include conventional loans, FHA loans and VA loans. In addition to these loans, lenders may also offer USDA loans and jumbo loans. Having more options available means the lender can cater to a wider range of applicant needs. We have also considered loans that would suit the needs of borrowers who plan to purchase their second home or a rental property.Â
- Closing timeline:Â The lenders on our list offer closing timelines that vary from as promptly as two weeks after the home purchase agreement has been signed to as many as 45 days after the agreement has been signed. Specific closing timelines have been noted for each lender.
- Fees:Â Common fees associated with mortgage applications include origination fees, application fees, underwriting fees, processing fees and administrative fees. We evaluate these fees in addition to other features when determining the overall offer from each lender. Though some lenders on this list do not charge these fees, we have noted any instances where a lender does.Â
- Flexible minimum and maximum loan amounts/terms:Â Each mortgage lender provides a variety of financing options that you can customize based on your monthly budget and how long you need to pay back your loan.
- No early payoff penalties:Â The mortgage lenders on our list do not charge borrowers for paying off the loan early.Â
- Streamlined application process:Â We considered whether lenders offered a convenient, fast online application process and/or an in-person procedure at local branches.Â
- Customer support:Â Every mortgage lender on our list provides customer service via telephone, email or secure online messaging. We also opted for lenders with an online resource hub or advice center to help you educate yourself about the personal loan process and your finances.
- Minimum down payment:Â Although minimum down payment amounts depend on the type of loan a borrower applies for, we noted lenders that offer additional specialty loans that come with a lower minimum down payment amount.Â
After reviewing the above features, we sorted our recommendations by best for no down payment, affordability, no lender fees, low-income borrowers, VA loans, USDA loans and online lenders.
Rates and fee structures advertised for mortgages fluctuate in accordance with the Federal Reserve rate. However, once you accept your mortgage agreement, a fixed-rate APR will guarantee your interest rate and monthly payment will remain consistent throughout the entire term of the loan, unless you choose to refinance your mortgage at a later date for a potentially lower APR. Your APR, monthly payment and loan amount depend on your credit history, creditworthiness, debt-to-income ratio and the desired loan term. To take out a mortgage, lenders will conduct a hard credit inquiry and request a full application, which could require proof of income, identity verification, proof of address and more.
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Editorial Note: Opinions, analyses, reviews or recommendations expressed in this article are those of the Select editorial staffâs alone, and have not been reviewed, approved or otherwise endorsed by any third party.
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